Quelltext der Seite 8-Bit Unicode Transformation Format

Das <b>8-Bit Unicode Transformation Format / UTF-8</b> ist die am weitesten verbreitete Kodierung für [[Unicode]]-Zeichen. Dabei wird jedem Unicode-Zeichen eine besonders kodierte Bytekette von variabler Länge zugeordnet. UTF-8 unterstützt bis zu vier Byte, auf die sich wie bei allen UTF-Formaten alle Unicode-Zeichen abbilden lassen.

UTF-8 wurde als Alternative zu [[UTF-16]] entwickelt und stellt jedes Zeichen durch 8 Bit bzw. ein Byte dar. Dabei werden die US-ASCII-Zeichen (7 Bit) wie bisher durch ein Byte dargestellt, deren oberstes Bit 0 ist. Alle anderen Unicode-Zeichen werden durch zwei bis vier Byte lange Byte-Ketten dargestellt. Damit gibt es keinen unmittelbaren Zusammenhang mehr zwischen der Anzahl Byte und der Anzahl Zeichen einer Datei.

UTF-8 hat eine zentrale Bedeutung als globale Zeichenkodierung im [[Internet]] und ist inzwischen die meist genutzte Unicode-Anwendung. Die Internet Engineering Task Force verlangt von allen neuen Internetkommunikationsprotokollen, dass die Zeichenkodierung deklariert wird und dass UTF-8 eine der unterstützten Kodierungen ist. Das Internet Mail Consortium / IMC empfiehlt, dass alle E-Mail-Programme UTF-8 darstellen und senden können.

Auch bei dem in [[Webbrowser]]n verwendeten [[HTML]] setzt sich UTF-8 zur Darstellung von länder- und sprachspezifischen Zeichen zunehmend durch und ersetzt die vorher benutzten HTML-Sonderzeichen.

== Verwendung ==

{| class=wikismall
! rowspan=2 | Zeichen
! colspan=2 | ISO 8859-1 (Latin1)
! colspan=3 | Unicode (UTF-8)
! colspan=1 rowspan=2 | URL
|-
! Dezimal !! Oktal
! Dezimal !! Oktal !! Hexadez.
|-
| Ä
| 196 || 304 || || 303 204 || C3 84 || %C3%84
|-
| ä
| 228 || 344 || || 303 244 || C3 A4 || %C3%A4
|-
| Ö
| 214 || 326 || || 303 226 || C3 96 || %C3%96
|-
| ö
| 246 || 366 || || 303 266 || C3 B6 || %C3%B6
|-
| Ü
| 220 || 334 || || 303 234 || C3 9C || %C3%9C
|-
| ü
| 252 || 374 || || 303 274 || C3 BC || %C3%BC
|-
| α
| || || || 316 261 || CE B1 || 
|-
| (Zeilenumbruch)
| || || || \n || 0A || 
|-
| (nichts)
| || || || \0 || 00 || 
|-
! colspan=7 | Unklar, ob folgende stimmen:
|-
| (Leerzeichen)
| || || || || 0000 || %00%00
|-
| /
| || || || || 2215 ||  %22%15
|-
| (
| || || || || 0028 || %00%28
|-
| )
| || || || || 0029 || %00%29
|-
| 
| || || || || || 
|}

Ausgabe der UTF-8-Kodierung des Zeichens "α" (Alpha aus dem [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf griechischen Alphabet]). Im Beispiel wird für das Zeichen "α" die (hexadezimale) UTF-8-Kodierung "ceb1" (also genau umgekehrt wie von "echo" ausgegeben; dezimal: 316 261, hier ist die Reihenfolge wie angezeigt). Danach folgt noch ein Zeilenumbruch ("0a") und nichts weiter ("00"). Zu beachten ist natürlich, dass das verwendete Terminal auch tatsächlich auf die Anzeige von UTF-8 eingestellt ist! Der entsprechende Code Point für die Darstellung als Zeichen in HTML lautet "03b1".

 $ <b>echo α | od -xc</b>
 0000000 b1ce 000a
         316 261  \n  \0
 0000003

Dieselbe Ausgabe, aber ohne von "echo" an die Ausgabe angehängten Zeilenumbruch.

 $ <b>echo -n α | od -xc</b>
 0000000 b1ce 000a
         316 261
 0000002

Anzeige von UTF-8 Zeichen in Codepoint hex-Darstellung.

 $ <b>echo 'UTF-8 ist schön' | preconv -r</b>
 UTF-8 ist sch\[u00F6]n

Umwandlung des Wertes "FC" von Hexadezimal zu Dezimal (252) mit "bc".

 $ <b>echo "ibase=16; FC" | bc</b>
 252

Umwandlung des Wertes "334" von Oktal zu Dezimal (220) mit "bc".

 $ <b>echo "ibase=8; 334" | bc</b>
 220

Umwandlung einer Datei mit Zeichensatz Latin1 zu Zeichensatz UTF-8.

 $ <b>iconv -f latin1 -t utf-8 latin1.txt > utf8.txt</b>

== Einige Spezialzeichen ==

<table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0">
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      <tr>
        <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" align="middle" bgcolor="#000080" colspan="3"><b><font color="#ffffff" size="2">special signs 1</font></b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763">&nbsp;</td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Code</b></td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Unicode</b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9650;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9650;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9658;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9658;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9660;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9660;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9668;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9668;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9632;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9632;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9633;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9633;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9635;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9635;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9636;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9636;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9637;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9637;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9638;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9638;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9639;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9639;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9640;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9640;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9641;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9641;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9642;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9642;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9643;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9643;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&loz;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;loz;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9674;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9675;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9675;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9679;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9679;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9786;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9786;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9787;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9787;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9788;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9788;</td></tr>
    </table>
  </td>
  <td valign=top>&nbsp;</td>
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    <table onmouseover="changeto(event, 'FEF3CD')" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" onmouseout="changeback(event, 'white')" bordercolor="#c0c0c0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" align="middle" bgcolor="#000080" colspan="3"><b><font color="#ffffff" size="2">german umlaut</font></b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763">&nbsp;</td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Code</b></td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Unicode</b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&curren;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;auml;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#228;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&bdquo;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;Auml;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#196;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&para;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;ouml;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#246;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&ndash;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;Ouml;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#214;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&frac14;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;uuml;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#252;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&oelig;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;Uuml;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#220;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&Yuml;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;szlig;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#223;</td></tr>
    </table><br>
    <table onmouseover="changeto(event, 'FEF3CD')" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" onmouseout="changeback(event, 'white')" bordercolor="#c0c0c0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" align="middle" bgcolor="#000080" colspan="3"><b><font color="#ffffff" size="2">money signs</font></b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763">&nbsp;</td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Code</b></td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Unicode</b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&acirc;&sbquo;&not;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;euro;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8364;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&cent;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;cent;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#162;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&pound;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;pound;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#163;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&yen;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;yen;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#165;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&curren;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;curren;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#164;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8362;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8362;</td></tr>
    </table>
  </td>
  <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
  <td valign="top">
    <table onmouseover="changeto(event, 'FEF3CD')" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" onmouseout="changeback(event, 'white')" bordercolor="#c0c0c0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" align="middle" bgcolor="#000080" colspan="3"><b><font color="#ffffff" size="2">special signs 2</font></b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763">&nbsp;</td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Code</b></td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Unicode</b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9792;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9792;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9794;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9794;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&spades;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;spades;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9824;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9828;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9828;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&clubs;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;clubs;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9827;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9831;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9831;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&hearts;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;hearts;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9829;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9825;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9825;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&diams;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;diams;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9830;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9733;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9733;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9734;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9734;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8962;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8962;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8470;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8470;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9742;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9742;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9743;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9743;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9832;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9832;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9756;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9756;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9758;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9758;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9833;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9833;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9834;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9834;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9835;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9835;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9836;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9836;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#9837;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#9837;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&acirc;&euro;&nbsp;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8224;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&acirc;&euro;&iexcl;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8225;</td></tr>
    </table><br>
  </td>
  <td valign=top>&nbsp;</td>
  <td valign=top">
    <table onmouseover="changeto(event, 'FEF3CD')" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" onmouseout="changeback(event, 'white')" bordercolor="#c0c0c0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" align="middle" bgcolor="#000080" colspan="3"><b><font color="#ffffff" size="2">arrows</font></b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763">&nbsp;</td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Code</b></td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Unicode</b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&larr;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;larr;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8592;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&uarr;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;uarr;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8593;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&rarr;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;rarr;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8594;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&darr;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;darr;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8595;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&harr;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;harr;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8596;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8597;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8597;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8598;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8598;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8599;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8599;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8600;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8600;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8601;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8601;</td></tr>
    </table><br>
  <td valign=top>&nbsp;</td>
  <td valign=top>
    <table onmouseover="changeto(event, 'FEF3CD')" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" onmouseout="changeback(event, 'white')" bordercolor="#c0c0c0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" align="middle" bgcolor="#000080" colspan="3"><b><font color="#ffffff" size="2">special signs 3</font></b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763">&nbsp;</td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Code</b></td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Unicode</b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&nbsp;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;nbsp;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#160;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&quot;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;quot;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#34;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&amp;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;amp;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#38;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&lt;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;lt;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#60;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&gt;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;gt;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#62;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&sect;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;sect;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#167;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&laquo;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;laquo;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#171;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&raquo;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;raquo;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#187;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&copy;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;copy;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#169;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&reg;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;reg;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#174;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&acirc;&bdquo;&cent;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;trade;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8482;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&plusmn;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;plusmn;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#177;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&iquest;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;iquest;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#191;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&iexcl;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;iexcl;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#161;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">@</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#64;</td></tr>
    </table><br>
  <td>
  <td valign=top>&nbsp;</td>
  <td valign=top>
    <table onmouseover="changeto(event, 'FEF3CD')" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" onmouseout="changeback(event, 'white')" bordercolor="#c0c0c0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid" align="middle" bgcolor="#000080" colspan="3"><b><font color="#ffffff" size="2">math signs</font></b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763">&nbsp;</td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Code</b></td>
        <td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffd763"><b>Unicode</b></td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&mdash;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;times;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#215;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Atilde;&middot;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;divide;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#247;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">+</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#43;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">-</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#45;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8486;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8486;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&radic;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8730;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&frac14;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;frac14;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#188;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&frac12;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;frac12;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#189;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&frac34;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;frac34;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#190;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8531;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8531;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8532;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8532;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8539;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8539;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8540;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8540;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8541;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8541;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&#8542;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8542;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">%</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#37;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&acirc;&euro;&deg;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#8240;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&sup1;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;sup1;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#185;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&sup2;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;sup2;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#178;</td></tr>
      <tr>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle"><font color="#f97c00" size="4">&Acirc;&sup3;</font></td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;sup3;</td>
        <td nowrap="nowrap" align="middle">&amp;#179;</td></tr>
    </table>
  </td>
</tr></table>

== Weblinks ==

{{Weblinks}}
{{url_dewikipedia|UTF-8|UTF-8}}
{{url|DE||ger|http://www.utf8-zeichentabelle.de/|UTF-8-Codetabelle mit Unicode-Zeichen|Anmerkung: der Unicode Codepoint ist gelb hinterlegt, der UTF-8-Code ist rot hinterlegt.}}
{{Fuss}}

* [http://www.utf8-zeichentabelle.de/unicode-utf8-table.pl?utf8=oct UTF-8-Codetabelle mit Unicode-Zeichen (Oktal)]
* [http://www.utf8-zeichentabelle.de/unicode-utf8-table.pl?utf8=hex UTF-8-Codetabelle mit Unicode-Zeichen (Hexadezimal)]

* [http://bueltge.de/wp-content/download/wk/utf-8_kodierungen.pdf UTF-8-Kodierungen Cheatsheet]

* https://www.utf8-chartable.de/unicode-utf8-table.pl?utf8=dec

* [https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/6516/filtering-invalid-utf8 Filtering invalid UTF-8]

Unicode-Zeichen mit Hexadezimalcode 00df (das Zeichen "ß" bzw. "LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S").
* https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/00df/index.htm

{{cat|Unicode}}
{{cat|Zeichensatz}}